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易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)六:特殊名詞作先行詞時(shí)關(guān)系詞的選取錯(cuò)誤
例 11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.
例 12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.
析:例 11 中應(yīng)在 which 前加 in 或?qū)?which 改為 that 或去掉;例 12 中的 that 應(yīng)改為 where 或 in which .
在定語從句中,有些特殊名詞作先行詞時(shí)其關(guān)系詞的選取有一定的特殊性,如 way 作先行詞時(shí),其引導(dǎo)詞可用 that 或 in which 或省略,如例 11 ;與 way 相似的還有 job, situation, point, case 等作先行詞時(shí),這些先行詞若是被抽象成地點(diǎn)的名詞,關(guān)系詞應(yīng)考慮用 where 或 in which ,如例 12 .
【考場思維訓(xùn)練】
例題:It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
【答案】D。解析:這里的先行詞是“a situation”,帶入定語從句中還原后為“they can see themselves differently in the situation”, 所以關(guān)系詞應(yīng)為where,相當(dāng)于“in which”。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)七:忽略as 和which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別
例 13. He failed in the exam again, which was expected.
例 14. He failed in the exam again, as was not what he had expected.
析:例 13 中的 which 應(yīng)改為 as ;例 14 中的 as 應(yīng)改為 which .
as 和 which 雖然都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,但仍有以下三點(diǎn)區(qū)別:( 1 ) as 有“正如; 就像”之意,而 which 沒有;( 2 ) as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可置于句首、句中或句末,而 which 只能置于句末;( 3 )如果非限制性定語從句是否定句時(shí),只能用 which 引導(dǎo)。
【考場思維訓(xùn)練】
1、_____ we all know, Taiwan is part of china.
A. As B. Which C. What D. That
【答案】A。解析:as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代主句整體。
2、The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,
A. what B. that C. how D. as
【答案】D。解析:本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定于從句。 as指代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容,插入主句中。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)八:忽略that 和which 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
例 15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.
例 16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday.
析:例 15 中的 which 應(yīng)改為 that ;例 16 中的 that 應(yīng)改為 which .
當(dāng)先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾或先行詞本身是不定代詞時(shí),只能用 what 來引導(dǎo)定語從句,如例 15 ;當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入成分時(shí),只能用 which 來引導(dǎo)定語從句,如例 16 .
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)九:介詞前置出差錯(cuò)
例 17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
例 18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.
析:例 17 中的 with 應(yīng)改為 about 或 of ;例 18 中應(yīng)把 to 移到 attention 的后面。
在定語從句中前置的介詞必須和后面的動詞或形容詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,如例 17 ;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介詞都可前置,如例 18 .
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)十:which 和whose 的意義不明確
例 19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.
例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.
析:例 19 中的 which 應(yīng)改為 whose ;例 20 中的 whose 應(yīng)改為 which .在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞 which 不能在定語從句中作定語,但 whose 可作
定語,“ whose + n ”相當(dāng)于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。
總之,定語從句考查形式千變?nèi)f化,只有掌握好定語從句的三個(gè)基本概念;先行詞和定語從句中的四大成分(主語、賓語、表語、狀語),扎扎實(shí)實(shí)分析好句子成分,才能以不變應(yīng)萬變。
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