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易錯點三:主謂不一致
例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.
例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.
析:例 5 中的 likes 應(yīng)改為 like ;例 6 中的 like 應(yīng)改為 likes .
在“ one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如例 5 ;在“ the (only) one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,先行詞是 one ,而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,如例 6 .
易錯點四:與強調(diào)句型及其他句型的混合
例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?
例 8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.
析:例 7 中第一個 that 應(yīng)改為 where ;例 8 中應(yīng)去掉 at .
例 7 為帶有定語從句的強調(diào)句, you bought the recorder 為定語從句,其引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用 where ,后面第二個 that 才是強調(diào)句中的 that ,此句可還原為: You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 為 where 引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句。
【考場思維訓(xùn)練】
例題: Was it in the village _____ we used to live in _____ the accident happened?
A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which
【答案】B。解析:句意是:在我們過去生活的村子發(fā)生事故的嗎?
這是一個強調(diào)句型, 去掉中間那部分就是:Was it in the village (that) the accident happened?
強調(diào)的是地點狀語in the village,所以要用that引導(dǎo).
中間是一個定語從句修飾village
Was it in the village (which) we used to live in.
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是做介詞in的賓語,所以用which 或者 that.由于是做賓語,也可以什么都不填.但是絕對不能用where. 但如果把后面的in去掉的話,就要用where在定語從句中做地點狀語了.所以綜合起來就是選B.
易錯點五:對先行詞概念不明確
例 9. It this library that you visited yesterday?
例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?
析:例 9 中應(yīng)在 library 后加 the one ;例 10 中的 where 應(yīng)去掉或改為 that 或 which .(先行詞為地點,關(guān)系詞不一定用where)
在例 9 中, this library 是主語, is 是謂語, that 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句,但沒有先行詞,故應(yīng)補加先行詞;在例 10 中, the library 是先行詞,定語從句缺少賓語,故應(yīng)用 that 或 which 來引導(dǎo),當(dāng)然也可以省略。
【考場思維訓(xùn)練】
1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
2. Is this the factory ____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
3. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
解析:對于以上三題,同學(xué)們?nèi)绻允韬?,不仔?xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),弄清關(guān)系詞的功能,很有可能全選B。我建議大家解此類題時分兩步走一一“瞻前”、“顧 后”。所謂“瞻前”,即確定先行詞;所謂“顧后”,即判斷代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在后面的定語從句中充當(dāng)何種成分。誠然,以上三題先行詞factory是表地 點的名詞,但是代替它的關(guān)系詞在后面定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謪s不一樣。我們將其還原到從句中可以看到,在第一句中它搭配介詞in充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語,即“he worked in the factory ten years ago.” 所以關(guān)系詞選where毋容置疑。在第二句中它充當(dāng)visit的賓語,即“you visit the factory the other day.”所以關(guān)系詞只能選that。在第三句中,主句缺表語,將題干還原為陳述句可得“this factory is ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday”.我們需要先把主句補充完整才便于考慮后面的定語從句,因而此處填入的詞既要能充當(dāng)主句的表語,還要能在從句中作visit的賓語,只有D 項“the one”符合。但要注意:“the one”不是關(guān)系詞,是先行詞,作定語從句先行詞時,關(guān)系詞that可以省略。
【小結(jié)】定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇,不僅僅要看先行詞是人物/時間/地點/原因,而且還要重點關(guān)注它在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>
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