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[注解]there be sb./sth doing與there be sb./sth to do 有所不同:用doing表示一個正在發(fā)生的事情,而用to do 則表示一個滯后或遲于there be的動作。如: Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.
(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法:表示“借”的三個詞,borrow“借進(jìn)”、lend“出借”都是一次性動作,不可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用;keep“保存”用來表示借一段時間。如: I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do? (我丟掉了從老師那里借來的書)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,eh?For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了?兩個多月了!)
(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法:bring指從遠(yuǎn)處“拿來”;take指從面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬運(yùn),不涉及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把東西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。
(20)hope、wish的用法:兩個詞都表示“希望”,但是,hope表達(dá)有把握或信心實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情,后面直接跟動詞不定式或者賓語從句,不可以跟動名詞或作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式;wish表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名詞、賓語從句(用過去時)或者作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式。如:We all hope to see him very soon. (我們?nèi)枷MM快見到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,這樣我們就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨!)(事實(shí)上天正在下雨)
(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法:
spend的賓語通常是金錢或時間,句型:sb.+(spend)+時間/金錢+on sth / (in) doing sth. ;
take的主語通常是事情,句型:sth./It + (take)+sb.+時間+to do… 。(如果是動作則常用it作形式主語將動詞不定式后移);
cost的賓語通常是時間、金錢、力氣,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+時間/金錢/力氣. ;
pay的賓語通常是金錢,句型:sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物.
如:She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一個晚上看那本小說)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做這件事情要花我兩天的時間)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像這樣的房子要花多少錢?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元從他那兒買了書)
(22)begin、start的用法:begin在大多數(shù)情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動名詞時區(qū)別不大,但是start還可以表示“開始、出發(fā)、啟動”,反義詞是stop;某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如:When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么時候開始學(xué)英語的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他們開始收割莊稼) / This time he could not start his car. (這次他沒法啟動他的汽車)
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