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二、被動語態(tài)的使用要點
1. 不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)及物動詞才有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等沒有被動語態(tài)。例如:
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. (×)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (√)
2. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)英語中有些動詞(短語動詞)不是表示動作,而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況,如"擁有、容納、適合、明白"等意,這類詞不能用于被 動語態(tài),常見的有:lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如:
The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. (×)
The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (√)
3. 主動形式表示被動意義的詞
(1)某些感官動詞和系動詞加形容詞可以表示被動意義,常見的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如:Your idea sounds great.
(2) 某些行為動詞后加副詞(有些可不加副詞)也可以表示被動意義,常見的有:wash, write, sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如:
The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well.
(3) want, deserve, need, require, worth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。
The point deserves mentioning.
4. 在主動語態(tài)中,若動詞為make, let, see, hear, watch, notice時,后接不帶to的動詞不定式;但是變被動語態(tài)時,必須把省掉的to帶上。例如:
You should make him deal with this problem carefully.
= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.
5. 某些表語形容詞后,常用不定式的主動表被動。
The question is difficult to understand.
6. 當不定式作定語,與前面的名詞或代詞有動賓關(guān)系時,用不定式的主動表被動。
Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
7. be to blame, be to let要用主動形式表示被動意思。
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