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(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少幾個(gè)”、“幾乎沒(méi)有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有幾個(gè)”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物, little、a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如：
He is very poor and he has little money.(他很窮,幾乎沒(méi)有什么錢(qián)。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(別著急,還有一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那個(gè)極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)
(9)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語(yǔ),應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門(mén)外有人。) /Di(每個(gè)人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上個(gè)星期天你來(lái)學(xué)校時(shí)見(jiàn)到什么人了嗎?)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天沒(méi)有多少事情做)
(10)one與ones用來(lái)代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件? / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)
(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如： I don’t think so.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書(shū),我也是。)
(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個(gè)“名詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many;plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時(shí)間就是金錢(qián)。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不著趕忙,因?yàn)槲矣谐渥愕臅r(shí)間。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫(xiě)) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購(gòu)物方面我花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間/金錢(qián)。)
(13)none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別：no one和nobody都表示“沒(méi)有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of 短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式;none表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒(méi)有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒(méi)有一個(gè)人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒(méi)有一個(gè)朋友來(lái)看我。)
九、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。
each other ,one another是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說(shuō)話。)
十、疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱(chēng)為疑問(wèn)代詞。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,一般放在句首?？谡Z(yǔ)中也常用who代替whom作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后則只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請(qǐng)了誰(shuí)參加你的生日聚會(huì)的?) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長(zhǎng)大了想干什么?)
2、who 和whom只能獨(dú)立使用,其中who可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),whom只能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ);而what、which、whose等既可以獨(dú) 立使用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),也可以與名詞構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)短語(yǔ)。如： Who is that man?(那男的是誰(shuí)?) / What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車(chē)是德國(guó)造的?)(被動(dòng)句)
注意這個(gè)提問(wèn)：The man in the car is my father.(車(chē)?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H)
→Which man is your father?(哪個(gè)男人是你的父親?)
3、which除了可以詢(xún)問(wèn)指代的情況之外,還可以針對(duì)說(shuō)明人物的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄慘) →Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄慘?)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(為了度假你預(yù)訂了哪家旅館?)—The biggest one in Haikou.(?？谧畲蟮哪羌衣灭^)
4、疑問(wèn)代詞不分單復(fù)數(shù),視它所替代的人或事物決定單復(fù)數(shù),但是通常用單數(shù);如果修飾名詞,則以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(誰(shuí)在游戲房里?) / What is that? (那是什么?)/ What are those? (那些是什么?) / What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色?)
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