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七、連接代詞:用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句、主語從句或表語從句的連接詞稱連接代詞。

英語中連接代詞主要有:what(什么),who(誰),whom(誰),which(哪個(gè)),whose(誰的)。詳見相應(yīng)從句。

八、不定代詞:代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。

※ 注:復(fù)合不定代詞有12個(gè):something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything

(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(沒事),nobody(沒有人), no one(沒有人), everything(一切), everyone(每個(gè)人), everybody(每個(gè)人).

(1)some和 any 的用法:

some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個(gè)”、“一些”、“某個(gè)”作定語時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如:I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他們有朝一日會(huì)去那兒)

some 用于疑問句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎?)

any 一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個(gè)”,作定語時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如:They didn’t have any friends here. (他們?cè)谶@里沒有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有問題要問嗎?)

any 用于肯定句時(shí),意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(隨便帶什么朋友來吧。)

(2)no和none的用法:

no是形容詞,只能作定語表示,意思是“沒有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up.(沒有時(shí)間了,請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)) / They had no reading books to lend.(他們沒有閱讀用書可以出借)

none只能獨(dú)立使用,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,意思是“沒有一個(gè)人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如:None of them is/are in the classroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒有一個(gè)在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的)

(3)all和both的用法:

all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞;也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。

both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。如:I know all of the four British students in their school.(他們學(xué)校里四個(gè)英國學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識(shí)) / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)?兩個(gè)都要。)

all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨(dú)立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都調(diào)皮)

(4)every和each用法:

every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個(gè)”,表示整體概念;

each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個(gè)”或者“各個(gè)”,表示單個(gè)概念;each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語,與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)要放在“be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”之后或者行為動(dòng)詞之前

every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their) 替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他們很忙,人人都有事干)

(5)either和neither的用法:

either意思是“兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個(gè)都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數(shù)。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,兩個(gè)之中隨便哪個(gè)都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去?一個(gè)都不坐,我坐火車去。)

(6)other、the other和another的用法:

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。another意思是“另外”、“又一個(gè)”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。如:

Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊?) / I want another four books.(我還要四本書)

another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個(gè)) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個(gè)時(shí)用the other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。如: This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢?) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要一塊。)

others與the others的主要區(qū)別:others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十個(gè)男孩中有兩個(gè)站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)

(7)many和much的用法:

many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用;much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z、賓語和定語等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在這里我沒有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(許多人在公交車禍中喪失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多)

many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句時(shí)可以在前面加上so、very或too.如: There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房間里人太多了。)

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