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(12)listen to、hear的用法：兩個(gè)詞與聽覺有關(guān),listen to指“聽”這一過程,hear指“聽到”這一結(jié)果。如：Are you listening to me,Jim? Yes,I have heard your words.(吉姆,你在聽我說嗎?是的,你的話我全聽見了)

(13)look、see、watch、read的用法：四個(gè)詞均與眼睛有關(guān),look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的過程;see指“看 見”這一結(jié)果,有時(shí)see還引申為“明白”,表示“看”時(shí)后面加“電影”等詞;watch指專注的看,含有“注視、監(jiān)視”之義,后面常跟“電視、比賽”等 詞;read限制為看書面材料,譯為“看、閱讀”,后面跟“書、報(bào)紙、雜志”等詞。如：What are you looking at?(你在看什么?)/ Please look at the blackboard. (請看黑板)/ Let me go to see the film, mum, will you? (媽媽,讓我去看電影吧,好嗎?)/ He won’t feel well until he finishes watching the football match. (要看完了足球賽他才會感覺好些)/ Reading gives us knowledge.(閱讀給我們知識)

(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法： hear“聽說”,后面可以跟名詞、代詞、從句表示聽見的內(nèi)容,hear of“聽說”,后面跟人,指對某人有耳聞但沒有見過面;hear from“收到……的來信”,后面加人;learn“聽說、得知”,后面跟從句,含義與hear相似。如：I hear Mr. Green is coming to see us tonight. (我聽說格林先生今晚要來看望我們)/ Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains? (你是否聽說過那個(gè)去過喜馬拉雅山的人?)/ How often do you hear from your father? (隔多久你收到你父親的信?)/ He learned the musician himself was in town.(他聽說音樂家本人就在城里)

(15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四個(gè)詞與“說”有關(guān)。speak“講話、發(fā)言、演說”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時(shí)要加介詞 to,speak作及物動詞時(shí)后面跟語言名稱;talk“談話、閑談”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時(shí)用介詞with、to等,涉及事情時(shí)后面跟介詞about 等;say 是及物動詞,后面跟名詞、代詞、從句等,表示說的內(nèi)容;tell是及物動詞,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟從句或者介詞短語等。如：Do you speak English? (你講英語嗎?)/ Who spoke at the meeting? (誰在會上發(fā)了言?)/ Our teacher is talking to Lin Tao’s parent. (我們的老師正在跟林濤的家長講話)/ Can you say it in English? (你能用英語說出它嗎?)/ Please tell me something about the strange flying object. (請跟我講講那個(gè)奇怪的飛行物的事情吧)

(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情態(tài)動詞,有許多含義,表示“可能、可以、會”等意思,只有現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could兩種形式;be able to表示能力上“會”,有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式,to后面跟動詞原形,有時(shí)可以與can/could互換。如：Can you speak English? (你會說英語嗎?)/ He couldn’t(wasn’t able to) swim when he was 12. (他十二歲時(shí)不會游泳)

(17)there be、have的用法：兩個(gè)詞都可以譯為“有”,但是,have表示的是“擁有”,主語必須是人或者物;there be表示“存在”的概念,主語在there be之后。如：How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have only one brother. (你有多少兄弟?我只有一個(gè)兄弟。)/ How many chairs and desks are there in their classroom? There is none. (他們教室里有多少張桌椅?一張也沒有。)

[注解]there be sb./sth doing與there be sb./sth to do 有所不同：用doing表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的事情,而用to do 則表示一個(gè)滯后或遲于there be的動作。如： Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.

(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三個(gè)詞,borrow“借進(jìn)”、lend“出借”都是一次性動作,不可以和表示一段的時(shí)間 狀語連用;keep“保存”用來表示借一段時(shí)間。如： I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do? (我丟掉了從老師那里借來的書)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,eh?For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了?兩個(gè)多月了!)

(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指從遠(yuǎn)處“拿來”;take指從面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬運(yùn),不涉及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把東西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。

(20)hope、wish的用法：兩個(gè)詞都表示“希望”,但是,hope表達(dá)有把握或信心實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情,后面直接跟動詞不定式或者賓語從句,不可以跟動名 詞或作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式;wish表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名詞、賓語從句(用過去時(shí))或者作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式。如：We all hope to see him very soon. (我們?nèi)枷ＭM快見到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,這樣我們就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨!)(事實(shí)上天正在下雨)

(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：

spend的賓語通常是金錢或時(shí)間,句型：sb.+(spend)+時(shí)間/金錢+on sth / (in) doing sth. ;

take的主語通常是事情,句型：sth./It + (take)+sb.+時(shí)間+to do… 。(如果是動作則常用it作形式主語將動詞不定式后移);

cost的賓語通常是時(shí)間、金錢、力氣,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+時(shí)間/金錢/力氣. ;

pay的賓語通常是金錢,句型：sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物.

如：She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一個(gè)晚上看那本小說)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做這件事情要花我兩天的時(shí)間)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像這樣的房子要花多少錢?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元從他那兒買了書)

(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多數(shù)情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動名詞時(shí)區(qū)別不大,但是 start還可以表示“開始、出發(fā)、啟動”,反義詞是stop;某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如：When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他們開始收割莊稼) / This time he could not start his car. (這次他沒法啟動他的汽車)

(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物動詞,到達(dá)具體地點(diǎn)時(shí)后面加介詞at,到達(dá)一個(gè)大的地方(國家、城市)時(shí)后面加介詞in,arrive后面可以直接跟地 點(diǎn)副詞here/there/home等;get表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)是不及物動詞,涉及地點(diǎn)(無論大小)時(shí)后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地點(diǎn)副詞here 等;reach是及物動詞,后面直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。如：He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上個(gè)星期天他抵達(dá)舊金山)/ How did you get there in the night? (你是怎樣在夜間到達(dá)那里的?)/ We hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我們一路狂奔在火車啟動前5分鐘到達(dá)車站)

(24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的區(qū)別：be made of指從制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from則指從制成品中看不出原材料,口語中都可以換成be made out of。 be made into表示“被制成……”,be made in表達(dá)被制造的地點(diǎn),be made by表達(dá)制造的人,be made for表達(dá)被制造的目的。如：This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (這種紙是由竹子生產(chǎn)的)/ The desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是鐵和木頭打的)/ A lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (許多紙被折疊成了小鳥)/ Computers are made in these cities. (計(jì)算機(jī)是在這幾個(gè)城市制造的)/ This kite was made by Uncle Wang. (這個(gè)風(fēng)箏是王叔叔做的)/ A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了讓我裝廢物)

(25)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的區(qū)別：be used for + 名詞/代詞或動名詞, be used to + 動詞原形,表示兩個(gè)短語意思相近,表示“用于…”。 used to + 動詞原形,表示“過去常常”,否定式可以是“didn’t use to”也可以是“usedn’t to”;get/be used to + 動名詞,表示“習(xí)慣于….”。如：A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school. (他上學(xué)時(shí)常常在圖書館借書)/ He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他習(xí)慣早起)

(26)beat,win與lose： beat (打敗),后面跟“人”,而win(贏得),后面跟“比賽、競賽”等。如：Who won at last? (最后誰贏了?)/ Class Three beat us 5-0. (三班以5∶0打敗了我們)/ I am sure to win the match. (我一定能贏得比賽)

而lose則表示“輸了”,常用句型：lose sth. to sb. 如：Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. (不幸的是我們比賽輸給了三班)

(27)grow、plant、keep的區(qū)別：plant著重講“栽、種植”這個(gè)動作,grow則指種植以后的“栽培”、“管理”,而keep則主要指 “喂養(yǎng)”、“贍養(yǎng)”一個(gè)人或者動物。如 ：He grew vegetables in his garden. (他在園子里種菜)/ I planted ten trees last year, but four of them died. (去年我栽了10棵樹,但是死了4棵)/ Old women enjoy keeping cats or dogs to kill the time. (老年的婦女喜歡養(yǎng)貓養(yǎng)狗打發(fā)時(shí)間)

(28)fall 、drop的區(qū)別：fall指東西由高處向下墜落,不及物動詞;也可以作連系動詞,意思是“變得,進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)”。drop表示物體由高處往低處落下,不 及物動詞;或讓物體落向低處,及物動詞。如：The man fell off the tractor and hurt himself. (那個(gè)人從拖拉機(jī)上摔下來跌傷了)/ Soon after they touched the pillows they fell (系動詞) fast asleep. (他們頭挨枕頭不久就睡著了)/ He felt as if he had to drop maths.(他覺得似乎要放棄數(shù)學(xué))/ He dropped a letter into the mail-box.(他向郵箱里丟了一封信)

(29)join、join in、take part in的區(qū)別：join多指參加組織、團(tuán)體、黨派等,后面跟人時(shí)表示和某人一起參加某項(xiàng)活動;join in指參加某項(xiàng)游戲或活動;take part in多指參加群眾性的活動、運(yùn)動、會議等。如：He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年參軍)/ They joined me in congratulating you.(他們和我一起向你祝賀)/ Do join us in the game.(千萬參加我們的比賽) / He took an active part in the students’ movement in the 1940s.(在二十世紀(jì)40年代他積極參加學(xué)生運(yùn)動)

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