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(15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四個詞與“說”有關。speak“講話、發(fā)言、演說”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時要加介詞to,speak作及物動詞時后面跟語言名稱;talk“談話、閑談”,是不及物動詞,涉及人時用介詞with、to等,涉及事情時后面跟介詞about等;say 是及物動詞,后面跟名詞、代詞、從句等,表示說的內容;tell是及物動詞,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟從句或者介詞短語等。如：Do you speak English? (你講英語嗎?)/ Who spoke at the meeting? (誰在會上發(fā)了言?)/ Our teacher is talking to Lin Tao’s parent. (我們的老師正在跟林濤的家長講話)/ Can you say it in English? (你能用英語說出它嗎?)/ Please tell me something about the strange flying object. (請跟我講講那個奇怪的飛行物的事情吧)
(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情態(tài)動詞,有許多含義,表示“可能、可以、會”等意思,只有現在式can和過去式could兩種形式;be able to表示能力上“會”,有多種時態(tài)形式,to后面跟動詞原形,有時可以與can/could互換。如：Can you speak English? (你會說英語嗎?)/ He couldn’t(wasn’t able to) swim when he was 12. (他十二歲時不會游泳)
(17)there be、have的用法：兩個詞都可以譯為“有”,但是,have表示的是“擁有”,主語必須是人或者物;there be表示“存在”的概念,主語在there be之后。如：How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have only one brother. (你有多少兄弟?我只有一個兄弟。)/ How many chairs and desks are there in their classroom? There is none. (他們教室里有多少張桌椅?一張也沒有。)
[注解]there be sb./sth doing與there be sb./sth to do 有所不同：用doing表示一個正在發(fā)生的事情,而用to do 則表示一個滯后或遲于there be的動作。如： Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do tonight.
(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三個詞,borrow“借進”、lend“出借”都是一次性動作,不可以和表示一段的時間狀語連用;keep“保存”用來表示借一段時間。如： I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do? (我丟掉了從老師那里借來的書)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,eh?For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了?兩個多月了!)
(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指從遠處“拿來”;take指從面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬運,不涉及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把東西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。
(20)hope、wish的用法：兩個詞都表示“希望”,但是,hope表達有把握或信心實現的事情,后面直接跟動詞不定式或者賓語從句,不可以跟動名詞或作賓語補足語的不定式;wish表達實現的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名詞、賓語從句(用過去時)或者作賓語補足語的不定式。如：We all hope to see him very soon. (我們全都希望盡快見到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,這樣我們就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨!)(事實上天正在下雨)
(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：
spend的賓語通常是金錢或時間,句型：sb.+(spend)+時間/金錢+on sth / (in) doing sth. ;
take的主語通常是事情,句型：sth./It + (take)+sb.+時間+to do… 。(如果是動作則常用it作形式主語將動詞不定式后移);
cost的賓語通常是時間、金錢、力氣,句型：sth. +(cost)+sb.+時間/金錢/力氣. ;
pay的賓語通常是金錢,句型：sb.+(pay)+金錢+for+事物.
如：She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一個晚上看那本小說)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做這件事情要花我兩天的時間)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像這樣的房子要花多少錢?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元從他那兒買了書)
(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多數情況下可以替代start,(反義詞是end),后面接不定式或動名詞時區(qū)別不大,但是start還可以表示“開始、出發(fā)、啟動”,反義詞是stop;某事停止后再重新開始一般用start.如：When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么時候開始學英語的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他們開始收割莊稼) / This time he could not start his car. (這次他沒法啟動他的汽車)
(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物動詞,到達具體地點時后面加介詞at,到達一個大的地方(國家、城市)時后面加介詞in,arrive后面可以直接跟地點副詞here/there/home等;get表示“到達”時是不及物動詞,涉及地點(無論大小)時后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地點副詞here等;reach是及物動詞,后面直接跟地點名詞。如：He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上個星期天他抵達舊金山)/ How did you get there in the night? (你是怎樣在夜間到達那里的?)/ We hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我們一路狂奔在火車啟動前5分鐘到達車站)
(24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的區(qū)別：be made of指從制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from則指從制成品中看不出原材料,口語中都可以換成be made out of。 be made into表示“被制成……”,be made in表達被制造的地點,be made by表達制造的人,be made for表達被制造的目的。如：This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (這種紙是由竹子生產的)/ The desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是鐵和木頭打的)/ A lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (許多紙被折疊成了小鳥)/ Computers are made in these cities. (計算機是在這幾個城市制造的)/ This kite was made by Uncle Wang. (這個風箏是王叔叔做的)/ A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了讓我裝廢物)
(25)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的區(qū)別：be used for + 名詞/代詞或動名詞, be used to + 動詞原形,表示兩個短語意思相近,表示“用于…”。 used to + 動詞原形,表示“過去常常”,否定式可以是“didn’t use to”也可以是“usedn’t to”;get/be used to + 動名詞,表示“習慣于….”。如：A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用來割東西)/ He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school. (他上學時常常在圖書館借書)/ He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他習慣早起)
(26)beat,win與lose： beat (打敗),后面跟“人”,而win(贏得),后面跟“比賽、競賽”等。如：Who won at last? (最后誰贏了?)/ Class Three beat us 5-0. (三班以5∶0打敗了我們)/ I am sure to win the match. (我一定能贏得比賽)
而lose則表示“輸了”,常用句型：lose sth. to sb. 如：Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. (不幸的是我們比賽輸給了三班)
(27)grow、plant、keep的區(qū)別：plant著重講“栽、種植”這個動作,grow則指種植以后的“栽培”、“管理”,而keep則主要指“喂養(yǎng)”、“贍養(yǎng)”一個人或者動物。如 ：He grew vegetables in his garden. (他在園子里種菜)/ I planted ten trees last year, but four of them died. (去年我栽了10棵樹,但是死了4棵)/ Old women enjoy keeping cats or dogs to kill the time. (老年的婦女喜歡養(yǎng)貓養(yǎng)狗打發(fā)時間)
(28)fall 、drop的區(qū)別：fall指東西由高處向下墜落,不及物動詞;也可以作連系動詞,意思是“變得,進入某種狀態(tài)”。drop表示物體由高處往低處落下,不及物動詞;或讓物體落向低處,及物動詞。如：The man fell off the tractor and hurt himself. (那個人從拖拉機上摔下來跌傷了)/ Soon after they touched the pillows they fell (系動詞) fast asleep. (他們頭挨枕頭不久就睡著了)/ He felt as if he had to drop maths.(他覺得似乎要放棄數學)/ He dropped a letter into the mail-box.(他向郵箱里丟了一封信)
(29)join、join in、take part in的區(qū)別：join多指參加組織、團體、黨派等,后面跟人時表示和某人一起參加某項活動;join in指參加某項游戲或活動;take part in多指參加群眾性的活動、運動、會議等。如：He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年參軍)/ They joined me in congratulating you.(他們和我一起向你祝賀)/ Do join us in the game.(千萬參加我們的比賽) / He took an active part in the students’ movement in the 1940s.(在二十世紀40年代他積極參加學生運動)
(30)beat、hit、strike的用法區(qū)別：beat指“連續(xù)不斷地打擊;(心臟的)跳動”;hit指“一次性地撞擊、命中”;strike與hit基本同義,還可以理解為“劃(火柴)、給……深刻的印象”。如：The man looks dead, but his heart is still beating weakly. (那個人看上去死了可心臟還在微弱地跳動) / He hit the ball so hard that it flew over their heads and fell into the lake. (他踢球的勁太大球飛過他們的頭頂落入水中) / He went into the room and struck a match(火柴). (他走進房間劃著了一根火柴)
(31)carry on、carry out的區(qū)別：carry on表示“進行、繼續(xù)”;carry out表示“進行、貫徹、實現”。如：I will carry on the work. (我會繼續(xù)工作)/ I have some difficulties in carrying out his orders. (對于執(zhí)行他的命令我有問題)
(32)be amazed與be surprised的區(qū)別：be amazed“感到驚訝”,指人對某個不可能發(fā)生卻實際發(fā)生了的事情感到極其的訝異;be surprised“感到吃驚”指人對突發(fā)的事件感到驚訝。如：When he dived deep into the sea, he was amazed at the colours of all the beautiful coral reefs. (他深潛到海中時被所有美麗的珊瑚礁驚呆了) / He was very surprised when he heard a loud noise from inside the room. (聽到房間里傳出一個很大的聲音他非常地吃驚)
(33)warn的用法：“warn sb. of/about sth”意思是“針對…而警告某人”;“warn sb (not) to do sth”意思是“告戒某人(不)要做某事”;“warn sb. + that從句”意思是“警告某人說……”。如：They warned the passengers of thieves. (他警告路人小心竊賊) / I warn you that you will fail in the coming exams if you are still so lazy. (我警告你：如果你還這么懶在即將來到的考試中你會不及格的。) / He was warned not to go out in the late night. (他受到警告不要在深夜出去)
(34)think of與think about等短語的區(qū)別：think of表示“考慮、思念、認為、想起、建議”等;“think about”表示“看待、認為”;“think much /highly /a lot of”表示“高度評價…”;“think over”表示“仔細考慮”;“think out”表示“想出”。如：The headmaster thought highly of this boy. (校長高度地評價了這個男孩) / We’re thinking of going to France for our holiday. (我們在考慮去法國度假的事情) / Think it over and you will have a way. (仔細考慮就有辦法) / I cannot think of his name. I forgot it. (我想不起他的名字我忘了) / -What do you think about his composition? -Very good! (他的作文你覺得怎么樣? 很好。)
(35)agree with/ agree to / agree on等詞語用法：“agree to+動詞”表示“同意做某事”,“agree with + sb./觀點”表示“贊同…的觀點”/ agree about表示“對…話題有相同看法”/“agree to +建議”表示“同意”某人的建議,“agree on + 決定”表示“贊成某人的決定”。例略。
(36)deserve(應該,應得)的用法：deserve后面可以加不定式,也可以加名詞。如：They had tried their best and they deserved to win. (他們盡力了該贏。) / The little boy always made troubles around and deserved beating. (小男孩總是處處惹麻煩活該被打) / The girl did a good deed and deserved praise. (女孩做了好事應該受到表揚)
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