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① 不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即不知道誰(shuí)做)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),省略by短語(yǔ)。
如：A man was killed in the accident.(一個(gè)人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.
(這扇窗子是昨天被打破的)
②不說(shuō)或者眾所周知是誰(shuí)做時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),省略by短語(yǔ)。如：Rice is also grown in this place.
(這個(gè)地方也種水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后這里將要修建一條鐵路)
③強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,句尾加by短語(yǔ)。如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(書)是魯迅寫的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(寵物狗是不會(huì)被主人宰殺的)
(2) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如何改寫為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
主動(dòng)句： 主語(yǔ)(人/物) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + 賓語(yǔ)(人/物) + 其他 + 狀語(yǔ)
(動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者) (各種時(shí)態(tài)形式) (動(dòng)作的承受者)
被動(dòng)句： 主語(yǔ)(人/物) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 狀語(yǔ)
(動(dòng)作的承受者) (be +過(guò)去分詞) (動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)
(3) 注意點(diǎn)：
①“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),可以用間接賓語(yǔ)做被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。如：
His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.
(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)
也可以用直接賓語(yǔ)做被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),但是需用to或者for引出原句的間接賓語(yǔ)。如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher
.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)/His father made him a kite.
→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏→一個(gè)風(fēng)箏由他的父親做給了他)
②“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day
(老板讓這個(gè)可憐的人一天工作12小時(shí)→這個(gè)可憐人被迫一天工作12小時(shí))
③“動(dòng)詞+…+介詞”改為被動(dòng)時(shí),介詞一般在原位不動(dòng)。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)
④“be+過(guò)去分詞”未必表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)
He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被動(dòng))(他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中……)
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