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熱點(diǎn)語法聚焦
1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式having done的用法
非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式having done表示在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其否定式為not having done。如：
Having been criticized by the teacher， he gave up smoking.
Not having studied his lessons very hard， he failed the examinations.
分詞的被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語是-ing分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。根據(jù)-ing分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，-ing分詞的被動(dòng)式有一般被動(dòng)式(being done)和完成被動(dòng)式(having been done)。如：
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
The question being discussed is very important.
2. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和to do形式的區(qū)別
有些動(dòng)詞既能接不定式，又能接-ing形式，含義有所不同。如：
(1) forget， remember， regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)作，而后接-ing形式作賓語表示動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。如：
Do you remember seeing me before？ 你記得以前見過我嗎？
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時(shí)要記得鎖門。
(2) 動(dòng)詞mean， stop， try， go on等動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)名詞和接不定式作賓語，意思也有所不同。如：
I mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個(gè)。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
誤了這班車就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。
(3) 動(dòng)詞allow， advise， forbid， permit等可直接跟-ing形式作賓語，不可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，但可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：
Please permit me to say a few words.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說幾句話。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。
(4) 動(dòng)詞need， require， want作"需要"解時(shí)，后面接-ing分詞或不定式被動(dòng)式。如：
These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.
這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。
(5) 動(dòng)詞like， hate， prefer等后面，如表示一般性動(dòng)作，多用-ing形式；如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作，多用不定式。如：
I like swimming， but I don’t like to swim with you.
我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。
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