提醒：點這里加小編微信（領(lǐng)取免費資料、獲取最新資訊、解決考教師一切疑問?。?/p>

⒁ living、alive、live、lively的區(qū)別：四個詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。

living讀[‘liviN]有三個意思：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,作表語或定語,②“一模一樣的、逼真的”,③相當于lively,意思是“強烈的、活潑的”;

live讀[laiv],指東西“活的”,可以替換為living;

alive讀[[‘laiv]作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面;

lively讀[‘laivli]有三個意思：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動的、真實的。

例如：A living language should be learned orally(口頭上).(活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動句) / We have a living hope that you will succeed.(我們強烈地希望你能成功) / Is she still alive?(她還活著嗎?) / They are the happiest children alive.(他們是活著的最開心的孩子) / This is a live fish.(這是條活魚) / A live wire(電線) is dangerous.(有電的電線是危險的) / She is as lively as a kitten(小貓).(她像小貓一樣可愛) / He gave a lively description of the football match.(他生動地描述了那場足球賽)

⒂ sick與ill區(qū)別：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱) / Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.(獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)

⒃ the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)

二、副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。

1、副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：

⑴作狀語：

① 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動詞的 前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天要去參觀長城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^英王國兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)

② 頻度副詞：一般放在be動詞之后或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句 首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有時起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃兩次)

③ 方式副詞：一般放在行為動之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光)

④ 地點副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個方向流動) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)

⑤ 程度副詞：修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前;修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的后面;only位 置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車站趕上了首班車)

⑥ 疑問副詞：用于對句子的狀語進行提問,位置總是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何時何地出生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好!)

⑦ 連接副詞：用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個問題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)

⑧ 關(guān)系副詞：用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)

⑨ 其它副詞：too“也”,用在句尾;also放在動詞前;either “也不”,放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,這樣”,放在形容詞、副詞前;on/off“開/關(guān)”放在動詞之后;not放在be之后、助 動詞之后、不定式或動名詞之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或動詞之前。如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / --Tom doesn’t have a computer. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。)

(2)作表語：地點副詞一般可以作表語,放在be等連系動詞之后,說明人物所處的位置。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那邊)

(3)作定語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)

(4)作賓語補足語：地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開!它們在散發(fā)著臭氣。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))

[注意] “動詞+副詞”的賓語如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。如：He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個詞。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來。)

2、有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：

⑴ as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能……地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。)

[注釋] “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達…”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達兩周。)

⑵ later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時態(tài)。 ②“after/before+某個時刻”分別表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去 時,before用于完成時。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過那兒嗎?)/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(過了幾年他戒了煙。)

⑶ above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低處用over和under.如：The stars are high above in the sky.(星星高掛在空中) / A plane flew over quickly.(一架飛機從頭頂飛過。)

當above、below、over、under是介詞性質(zhì)時,意義相似。

⑷ too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開;also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之 前;either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開;nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首;如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎?)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。)

⑸ enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相當”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之 前,very much(“非常”)放在動詞之后。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當貴。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)

[注意] very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級;much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動 詞,very不可以。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)

⑹ sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。)

⑺ how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好!) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀!)

⑻ already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了?) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)

提醒：點這里加小編微信（領(lǐng)取免費資料、獲取最新資訊、解決考教師一切疑問?。?/p>