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4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。

在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語)

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做賓語)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替

(1)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(2)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

注：that 用法

(1)不用that的情況

(a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

(b) 介詞后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

(c) 先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last, just修飾時(shí)，只用that。

(d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。.

(e) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

(f) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí).

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