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[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life
A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; 不填
[析] 本題旨在考查考生對(duì)understanding和life這兩個(gè)名詞可數(shù)性的界定:understanding已為轉(zhuǎn)義用法,life在此泛指“人生”,是不可數(shù)名詞,故而便可正確選用冠詞D。
轉(zhuǎn)義名詞主要分為兩類(lèi):①把抽象意義轉(zhuǎn)化為具體意義,因而賦予其可數(shù)功能;②把具體意義的名詞抽象化,從而賦予其不可數(shù)性。
轉(zhuǎn)義名詞一直是高考測(cè)試的熱點(diǎn)。其考查主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)和短文改錯(cuò)題中。其??紵狳c(diǎn)如下:
(1)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體: pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意為“...的人 / 物”。如: The meeting is a success.
(2)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體: worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等,指“一種”、“一場(chǎng)”及“多種”、“多場(chǎng)”時(shí),有其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months.
(3)抽象轉(zhuǎn)具體: a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如: He has a good practical knowledge of computer science
(4)具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象: school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等,都是可數(shù)名詞,可以有具體的意義,如a school, three schools。再例如:
When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to _____ hotel; I can find you _____ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填
但是,在不用冠詞、不用復(fù)數(shù),而只突出與之有關(guān)的活動(dòng)時(shí),它們便失去了具體意義。如: go to school, at table等。 再例如:
When he left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. a; the D. the; the
(5)具體轉(zhuǎn)抽象: day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色時(shí),表達(dá)抽象概念(注意其前不用冠詞)。如: Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.
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