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【被動(dòng)語態(tài)(二)】

幾種不同形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

(1)含有直接賓語和間接賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語，這樣句子顯得自然一些。如：

He showed me his pictures.

I was shown his pictures by him.

I was sent a birthday present (by him).

A birthday present was sent to me (by him).

(2)含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的方法。

① 將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留不動(dòng)。如：

They call her little Li.

She is called little Li.

He left the door open.

The door was left open by him.

② make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, have, notice, help等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一般不帶to，可是當(dāng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式必須帶to。如：

My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.

I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young.

③ 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +(及物動(dòng)詞的)過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：

They can not find him.

He can not be found.

④ 短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般說來，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因?yàn)橹挥屑拔飫?dòng)詞才可能有動(dòng)作的承受者。但有許多由不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞及其他詞類構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng) 詞，可以有賓語，因而也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但應(yīng)注意，短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。如：

They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.

The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.

They will set up a new public school here.

A new public school will be set up here.

You must take good care of these trees.

These trees must be taken good care of.

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