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【動詞的時態(tài)(六)】

現(xiàn)在完成時(二) 過去完成時

1.現(xiàn)在完成時難點：

① 由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，它們的主句通常使用完成時態(tài)。

He has taught English since 1970.

It has been a long time since I last saw you.

② 只有在It is …since…這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂語才可用一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。如：

It’s ten years since I left school.

It’s a long time since I saw you last.

③ 表示短暫性的動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，這類動詞有：

begin, borrow, buy, close, come, die, fall, find, finish,

join, kill, lend, leave, sell, start, stop等，如：

不能說：His father has died for three years.

只能說：His father died three years ago.

不能說：He has left home for two months.

只能說：He left home two months ago.

④ 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)。可與for, since時間狀語連用。如：

I haven’t seen him for a long time.

I haven’t heard from him since he left.

She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job.

⑤ have(has) been 和have (has) gone的區(qū)別。

Have been to a place意思是“到過、去過”，表示曾到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒;have gone to意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒。如：

Has she ever been to Nanjing?

You have never been there before, have you?

I have been to Guilin, I went there last year.

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