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【動 詞(三)】

一、助動詞

助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法形式，或用來加強(qiáng)語氣。常用的助動詞有:be, do, have, shall, will等。它們的具體用法如下：

(1)助動詞be

A. 可用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)

She is doing her homework now.

I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.

B. 可用于構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)

The baby was put in bed by his mother.

The invitation was received yesterday.

C. 可與動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語

These books are not to be taken out of the room.

She is to arrive at six this morning.

(2)助動詞have

A. 構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)

I have not seen him for three years.

How long has your uncle taught in the village?

He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England.

B. 和動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示因客觀環(huán)境促使不得不做的事情

She had to go shopping yesterday.

(3)助動詞do

A. 構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句

Did anyone sharpen this knife?

I don’t think you are right.

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